非胶合条件下松木直角榫卯接合的抗拉力

通过拉伸试验研究了非胶合状态下,木材直角榫卯构件配合间隙、榫头长度和榫卯纹理方向等参数,对榫卯连接节点抗拉力的影响.结果表明:木材直角榫卯构件在拉伸过程中的抗拉力-行程曲线可分为2段,即快速线性上升和近似直线缓慢下降段;在一定范围内,构件抗拉力随着过盈配合公差的增加、榫头长度的延长而提高;同等条件下,榫卯纹理方向一致时的抗拉力要高于榫卯纹理方向直交时.     

Habitat selection of Guizhou golden monkey （Phinopithecus roxellanae brelichi）in Fanjing Mountain Biosphere Reserve, China

Guizhou golden monkey (Phinopithecus roxellanae brelichi) is a peculiar, rare and endangered species. It is distributed most narrowly and requires a rigorous habitat. In this study the habitats of Guizhou Golden Monkey were divided into three habitats: most suitable habitats, suitable habitats and marginally suitable habitats. The characteristics of the vegetation community, environmental factors and extreme environmental factors in the three habitats were systematically analyzed. The seasonal activity rule, activity area and the food characteristic of Guizhou golden monkey were also study at the same time. The results indicate that the evergreen and deciduous broadleaf mixed forest is the optimal living vegetation community for Guizhoug olden Monkey, and the suitable annual temperature is 8-15℃, the extremely lowest temperature is -2.5℃, the extremely highest temperature is 25℃, and the optimal living altitude is 1500-1700 m. In the same area, the higher the vegetation diversitythe more suitable it is for the life of Guizhou golden monkey. Temperature and food are the main habitat factors in determining the activity scope of the guizhou golden monkey community. The Altitude, temperature and the characteristics of the vegetation community are the main limitina factors for habitat selection.     

福建省森林生态环境保护与发展对策

分析了福建省森林生态环境建设现状、问题 ,提出福建省森林生态环境保护与发展的指导思想、遵循原则、总体布局以及保障措施 ,供有关部门决策参考。     

松原龙华松花江特大桥悬浇施工风载分析

采用Ansys程序对龙华松花江特大桥施工悬浇阶段刚构桥墩进行风荷载内力分析,保证其结构在自重和静阵风荷载下可以安全施工.     

环境伦理学对中国风景园林发展的启示

论述了环境伦理学指导我国园林发展的必要性,以及环境伦理学对我国园林发展的启示,从而对环境伦理学在园林事业发展中的应用进行探讨,提出在城市发展决策和风景园林规划设计,以及在相关法律、法规和行政机构、社会结构中确立环境伦理学价值观的重要意义。     

Structure and regeneration dynamics of dominant tree species along altitudinal gradient in a dry valley slopes of the Bhutan Himalaya

The aim of our study was to characterize the structure and regeneration dynamics of dominant tree species along altitudinal gradient in dry valley slopes of the Bhutan Himalaya. In the typical dry valley slopes of west-central Bhutan, we analyzed forest stratification, tree crown projection, and population structure from lower dry valley bottom (1520 m a.s.l.) to upper humid ridge top (3370 m a.s.l.) across five major forest types: i.e. (1) dry pine forest with Pinus roxburghii as a dominant species; (2) mixed broad-leaved forest with Quercus lanata (evergreen), Quercus griffithii, (deciduous), and Rhododendron arboreum (evergreen) as major canopy species; (3) evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated by Quercus semecarpifolia, Quercus glauca and Quercus oxyodon; (4) cool conifer forest dominated by Abies densa and Tsuga dumosa; (5) cold conifer forest with A. densa and Juniperus recurva as dominants. In general, regeneration pattern of major dominant species shifted from inverse-J (lower altitudes), to sporadic (mid-altitudes), and to uni-modal type (upper altitudes) corresponding to three regeneration trends: (1) invasive at the lower, warm, dry forest under relatively strong human disturbances; (2) stable/balanced at the mid-altitude, in a relatively stable, mature moist evergreen broad-leaved forest with gap regeneration; and (3) poor/low regeneration at the upper, cool, humid conifer forest with a continuously cattle-grazed understory. Overall, regeneration patterns were balanced in all forest types, however care should be taken to prevent excessive exploitation of dry pine forest of lower valley bottom, and to control cattle grazing at higher altitudes. Our findings can be incorporated into management plans for sustainable management and conservation of mountain forests.     

Concept and feasibility study for the integrated evaluation of environmental monitoring data in forests

In the 1970s unexpected forest damages, called “new type of forest damage” or “forest decline”, were observed in Germany and other European countries. The Federal Republic of Germany and the German Federal States implemented a forest monitoring system in the early 1980s, in order to monitor and assess the forest condition. Due to the growing public awareness of possible adverse effects of air pollution on forests, in 1985 the ICP Forests was launched under the convention on long-range transboundary air pollution (CLRTAP) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN-ECE). The German experience in forest monitoring was a base for the implementation of the European monitoring system. In 2001 the interdisciplinary case study “concept and feasibility study for the integrated evaluation of environmental monitoring data in forests”, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, concentrated on in-depths evaluations of the German data of forest monitoring. The objectives of the study were: (a) a reliable assessment of the vitality and functioning of forest ecosystems, (b) the identification and quantification of factors influencing forest vitality, and (c) the clarification of cause-effect-relationships leading to leaf/needle loss. For these purposes additional data from external sources were acquired: climate and deposition, for selected level I plots tree growth data, as well as data on groundwater quality. The results show that in particular time series analysis (crown condition, tree growth, and tree ring analysis), in combination with climate and deposition are valuable and informative, as well as integrated evaluation of soil, tree nutrition and crown condition data. Methods to combine information from the extensive and the intensive monitoring, and to transfer process information to the large scale should be elaborated in future.

基于GIS的秦岭火地塘森林景观生物量变化趋势分析

在GIS技术的支持下，通过格网取样法获得研究区样点基本环境要素数据及样点单位面积生物量数据；以环境要素数据为自变量，样点单位面积生物量为因变量，采用二元四次多项式建立趋势方程并生成立体模型。研究结果表明，海拔、坡度、坡向等环境因素及其组合对森林景观生物现存量影响显著，森林植被本身的生物学特征及其它干扰因素也对其有重要影响。     

Load behaviors of a prefabricated wood framing house during lifting and transportation

Lifting for handling and flatbed truck transportation to the job site are important processes during manufacture of prefabri-cated wooden construction units like mini homes and building modules. Significant damage can occur to sections or components of units during these operations. Although damage usually will not impair its structural safety, it is costly to fix and causes the public to perceive prefabricated wooden buildings as low quality products. Field observations and preliminary numerical models for prefabri-cated units subject to lifting and transportation forces are summarized here. Once fully developed and verified, models will support the creation of damage mitigation strategies centered on structural details indicating how units are to be supported during lifting and transportation.     

简述钢管混凝土

介绍了钢管混凝土结构的特点、研究现状及其工程应用。